Our Services

Get 15% Discount on your First Order

Eric Swirsky, JD, MA Director of Graduate Studies Clinical Assistant ProfessorEthical Decision-making© 2017 Eric Scott SwirskySeven Step

February 24, 2024

Eric Swirsky, JD, MA
Director of Graduate Studies
Clinical Assistant Professor

Ethical Decision-making

Seven Step Decision-making Process

1. Identify the type of moral or ethical dilemma
2. Reflect on personal bias or assumptions
3. Gather relevant information
4. Consider stakeholder interests and values
5. Explore practical alternatives
6. Complete and justify the action
7. Evaluate the process and outcome

Case Example

A 24 year-old graduate student develops a severe
headache and a stiff neck and is brought to the ER by a
friend. Physical exam shows a patient with a
temperature of 103°F and a stiff neck. After obtaining
informed consent, a spinal fluid exam reveals cloudy
fluid with a white cell count of 2,000 and with bacteria
suggesting pneumococcal meningitis. Antibiotics are
recommended but the patient refuses. He offers no
reason for his refusal.

Siegler, M. Teaching Clinical Medical Ethics. PowerPoint presentation, MacLean Fellowship 2011-2012.

• Moral Distress

• Ethical Dilemma

• Moral Agency

• Locus of Authority

Step One — Identify the Type of Ethical Problem

• Gut reaction

• Identify personal assumptions, biases, emotions, and
values

• Conflicting personal and professional values

• Impact on decision-making

Step Two – Reflect on Personal Bias

Medical Indications

The Principles of Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

1. What is the patient’s medical problem? history?
diagnosis? prognosis?

2. Is the problem acute? chronic? critical? emergent?
reversible?

3. What are the goals of treatment?
4. What are the probabilities of success?

Patient Preferences
The Principles of Respect for Autonomy

1. What are the patient’s preferences for treatment?
2. Has the patient been informed of benefits and risks,

understood this information and given consent?
3. Is the patient mentally capable and legally

competent? Is there evidence of incapacity?
4. If incapacitated, who is the appropriate surrogate? Is

the surrogate using appropriate standards for decision
making?

5. Has the patient expressed prior preferences, e.g.,
living will?

Siegler, M. Teaching Clinical Medical Ethics. PowerPoint presentation, MacLean Fellowship 2011-2012.

Quality of Life

The Principles of Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, and
Respect for Autonomy

1. What are the prospects, with or without treatment, for
return to normal life, and with what physical, mental,
and social deficits might the patient experience even if
treatment succeeds?

2. What ethical issues arise concerning improving or
enhancing a patient’s quality of life?

3. Do quality of life assessments raise any questions
regarding changes in treatment plans, such as
foregoing life-sustaining treatment?

Siegler, M. Teaching Clinical Medical Ethics. PowerPoint presentation, MacLean Fellowship 2011-2012.

Contextual Features

1. Are there family issues that might influence
treatment decisions?

2. Are there financial and economic factors?

3. Are there religious or cultural factors?

4. Are there limits to confidentiality?

5. How does the law affect treatment decisions?

6. Is clinical research or teaching involved?
Siegler, M. Teaching Clinical Medical Ethics. PowerPoint presentation, MacLean Fellowship 2011-2012.

• Which parties have an interest in the process?

• Which parties have an interest in the outcome?

• Who is directly involved in the case?

• Who is indirectly involved?

Step Four – Consider Stakeholder Interests and Values

• Doing nothing

• Time limited trials

• Be creative

• Respecting confidentiality

Step Five – Explore Practical Alternatives

The goal of analysis is to determine the range of
ethically acceptable options and take action.

Use ethical theories or approaches to justify action

Step Six – Complete the Action

• What went well, and why do you think so?

• Most challenging aspects? Compare to other
situations? What future applications?

• Who helped most? Feedback from patient, family,
care team, others?

• What did you learn? What would you do differently?

Step Seven – Evaluate the Process and Outcome

Case Example

Siegler, M. Teaching Clinical Medical Ethics. PowerPoint presentation, MacLean Fellowship 2011-2012.

Ethical Decision-making
Seven Step Decision-making Process
Case Example
Step One — Identify the Type of Ethical Problem
Step Two – Reflect on Personal Bias
Step Three – Gather Info
Medical Indications
Patient Preferences
Quality of Life
Contextual Features
Step Four – Consider Stakeholder Interests and Values
Step Five – Explore Practical Alternatives
Step Six – Complete the Action
Step Seven – Evaluate the Process and Outcome
Case Example
1. Gather Information
2. Identify the Type of Ethical Problem
3. Use Ethical Theories to Analyze the Problem
4. Explore the alternatives
��5. Complete the action��6. Evaluate the process and outcome��

>Literature homework help

Share This Post

Order a Similar Paper and get 15% Discount on your First Order

Related Questions

This activity is the first step in a four-part series of assignments that will guide you through the process of creating a three-lesson eLearning course.

This activity is the first step in a four-part series of assignments that will guide you through the process of creating a three-lesson eLearning course. In this series, you will choose the topic of your 3-lesson course and work through the essential steps to incorporate it into a Learning Management

the name of the book is called Doctoring data: how to sort out medical advice No book report At least 5 pages long double space doesn’t t count the

the name of the book is called Doctoring data: how to sort out medical advice No book report At least 5 pages long double space doesn’t t count the cover page or bibliography How it made you feel What it made you think Do you agree or disagree with it

This week, you are tasked with developing a proposal for an eLearning class. Discuss your process for making decisions about content, assessments,

This week, you are tasked with developing a proposal for an eLearning class. Discuss your process for making decisions about content, assessments, discussion points, and other important aspects of the class. How can you enhance the engagement, effectiveness, and relevance of an eLearning class by incorporating technologies and materials, assuming

summary of chapter 7 of silent spring by rachel carson. include summary, critical review, take home message/clarity of it, relevance 60 years after

summary of chapter 7 of silent spring by rachel carson. include summary, critical review, take home message/clarity of it, relevance 60 years after publication

Follow the Business Model Canvas framework(please find attached Document and YouTube Video Link) to analyze the business model of ” Mastodon ”

Follow the Business Model Canvas framework(please find attached Document and YouTube Video Link) to analyze the business model of ” Mastodon ” Company.(We need to write About Mastodon Company) YouTube Link for Model Canvas Reference:

I need someone with very good macro knowledge to help me with some questions. The attachments are questions similar to that; but those questions aren’t

I need someone with very good macro knowledge to help me with some questions. The attachments are questions similar to that; but those questions aren’t what I need help with.

Please see attachment please see the thesis draft attachment for assignment details2Intelligence Sharing in Homeland Security Shaquanna Edward

Please see attachment please see the thesis draft attachment for assignment details 2 Intelligence Sharing in Homeland Security Shaquanna Edwards 05/04/2024 Intelligence Sharing in Homeland Security Author: Shaquanna Edwards Date: 04/05/2024 Copyright Page with Declaration Copyright © [2024] by Shaquanna Edwards All rights reserved. “No part of this publication may

Write 2 pages Apa Corporate social responsibility in supply management has sparked the interest of both companies and all parties involved, as

Write 2 pages Apa Corporate social responsibility in supply management has sparked the interest of both companies and all parties involved, as corporations are increasingly required to evaluate their influence on stakeholders and the environment. Rights of humanity, safety and health at work, along with environmentally friendly production and environmental

Metaphors Freshman – Metaphor for freshman year can be Covid, just write a little on how it impacted sports, classes, social life Sophomore – metaphor

Metaphors Freshman – Metaphor for freshman year can be Covid, just write a little on how it impacted sports, classes, social life Sophomore – metaphor looking forward to driving by myself Junior – metaphor can be “almost there” you can write about how it was the most fun year going

Can anyone help me with this topicimage1.png

Can anyone help me with this topic image1.png

Marketing Management: Triple Bottom Line Theory Article

help out1. Discussion Post 1 Due: Applying Organizational Theories of the Nonprofit Sector Are you ready to begin: Tremblay-Boire & Prakash’s

help out 1. Discussion Post 1 Due: Applying Organizational Theories of the Nonprofit Sector Are you ready to begin: Tremblay-Boire & Prakash’s Article discusses how various theoretical perspectives can be used to understand the purposes and functions of nonprofit organizations. They cite several theories of the relationship between for-profit and

Go to the Regent library website and find the “Full Database List” here.Links to an external site. Take some time looking through the dozens of

Go to the Regent library website and find the “Full Database List” here.Links to an external site. Take some time looking through the dozens of research tools available through that list. Find one in particular that you did not know existed and that interests you. Spend some time looking through the

Describe the conservation of bicarbonate ions in the renal system and compare it to the control of blood carbonic acid levels through the respiratory

Describe the conservation of bicarbonate ions in the renal system and compare it to the control of blood carbonic acid levels through the respiratory system. Explain how the stomach is protected from self-digestion and why this is necessary. Compare and contrast the conducting and respiratory zones. A smoker develops damage

please see attachmentPast of the Present Assignment You will submit this assignment via the Turnitin assignment area on MyHills. The assignment

please see attachment Past of the Present Assignment You will submit this assignment via the Turnitin assignment area on MyHills. The assignment should be 300-400 words, typed and double-spaced. Due dates See the course schedule. Submit via MyHills in the Past of the Present area of the course menu. You

In this discussion, you are going to research Vigenere Cipher. Use the Vigenere Table to encrypt the message using the key ORANGE:

In this discussion, you are going to research Vigenere Cipher. Use the Vigenere Table to encrypt the message using the key ORANGE: Hard work always pays. Now use the same key, to decrypt this message: Oktnio ok dncr Instructions: 1. Ignore all cases and punctuations 2. Do not encrypt or decrypt

A farmer uses 5 60watt bulbs to brood chicks for days. How much is he expected to pay as electricity Bill’s if a kilowatt costs 80frs

A recent conversation with your Pastor alerted you to pray and prepare for a follow-up self-care conversation. His self-report indicates high stress

A recent conversation with your Pastor alerted you to pray and prepare for a follow-up self-care conversation. His self-report indicates high stress with a vigilant psyche and torqued body. It seems that his current approach to self-care has produced an overall languishing profile, especially in a very important relationship. He

Our Services

Eric Swirsky, JD, MA Director of Graduate Studies Clinical Assistant ProfessorEthical Decision-making© 2017 Eric Scott SwirskySeven Step

Share This Post

Related Questions

This activity is the first step in a four-part series of assignments that will guide you through the process of creating a three-lesson eLearning course.

the name of the book is called Doctoring data: how to sort out medical advice No book report At least 5 pages long double space doesn’t t count the

This week, you are tasked with developing a proposal for an eLearning class. Discuss your process for making decisions about content, assessments,

summary of chapter 7 of silent spring by rachel carson. include summary, critical review, take home message/clarity of it, relevance 60 years after

Follow the Business Model Canvas framework(please find attached Document and YouTube Video Link) to analyze the business model of ” Mastodon ”

I need someone with very good macro knowledge to help me with some questions. The attachments are questions similar to that; but those questions aren’t

Please see attachment please see the thesis draft attachment for assignment details2Intelligence Sharing in Homeland Security Shaquanna Edward

Write 2 pages Apa Corporate social responsibility in supply management has sparked the interest of both companies and all parties involved, as

Metaphors Freshman – Metaphor for freshman year can be Covid, just write a little on how it impacted sports, classes, social life Sophomore – metaphor

Can anyone help me with this topicimage1.png

Marketing Management: Triple Bottom Line Theory Article

help out1. Discussion Post 1 Due: Applying Organizational Theories of the Nonprofit Sector Are you ready to begin: Tremblay-Boire & Prakash’s

Go to the Regent library website and find the “Full Database List” here.Links to an external site. Take some time looking through the dozens of

Describe the conservation of bicarbonate ions in the renal system and compare it to the control of blood carbonic acid levels through the respiratory

please see attachmentPast of the Present Assignment You will submit this assignment via the Turnitin assignment area on MyHills. The assignment

In this discussion, you are going to research Vigenere Cipher. Use the Vigenere Table to encrypt the message using the key ORANGE:

A farmer uses 5 60watt bulbs to brood chicks for days. How much is he expected to pay as electricity Bill’s if a kilowatt costs 80frs

A recent conversation with your Pastor alerted you to pray and prepare for a follow-up self-care conversation. His self-report indicates high stress

Use Our 6 Free Tools

We Accept